Arc

Arc<T> allows shared, read-only ownership via Arc::clone:

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::thread;

/// A struct that prints which thread drops it.
#[derive(Debug)]
struct WhereDropped(Vec<i32>);

impl Drop for WhereDropped {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        println!("Dropped by {:?}", thread::current().id())
    }
}

fn main() {
    let v = Arc::new(WhereDropped(vec![10, 20, 30]));
    let mut handles = Vec::new();
    for i in 0..5 {
        let v = Arc::clone(&v);
        handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {
            // Sleep for 0-500ms.
            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(500 - i * 100));
            let thread_id = thread::current().id();
            println!("{thread_id:?}: {v:?}");
        }));
    }

    // Now only the spawned threads will hold clones of `v`.
    drop(v);

    // When the last spawned thread finishes, it will drop `v`'s contents.
    handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());
}
This slide should take about 5 minutes.
  • Arc 代表“原子引用计数”,它是使用原子操作的 Rc 的 线程安全版本。
  • Arc<T> implements Clone whether or not T does. It implements Send and Sync if and only if T implements them both.
  • Arc::clone() 在执行原子操作方面有开销,但在此之后,T 便可 随意使用,而没有任何开销。
  • 请警惕引用循环,Arc 不会使用垃圾回收器检测引用循环。
    • std::sync::Weak 对此有所帮助。